Escalating Houthi attacks on Saudi territory, including missile strikes on Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport that killed civilians in October 2026, have prompted renewed Saudi-led offensives along Yemen’s Red Sea coast to reclaim areas near the Bab al-Mandab Strait. France has begun deploying troops, radar, and defensive systems to protect Saudi energy infrastructure at sites like Yanbu while reinforcing the EU’s ASPIDES naval mission. The UK has supplied an RAF Voyager tanker for air-to-air refueling and air-defense support framed as strictly defensive assistance to Saudi operations. Germany has extended its participation in the EU Red Sea naval effort but announced no direct assets. G7 statements have condemned Houthi actions and urged de-escalation and political talks, yet no offensive strikes by these European governments against Houthi targets in Yemen have occurred. Ongoing territorial fighting and shipping threats could influence further defensive commitments within resolution windows.